Implement New Winget Install Method (#1738)

- Removed Get-LatestHash from Install-WinUtilWinget.ps1, replaced by Get-WinUtilWingetLatest.ps1.
- Added new Winget Install method in case of choco failing to install. Environment refresh line included.
- Get-WinUtilWingetPrerequisites added: Downloads the prerequisites required for the latest version of Winget.
- Get-WinUtilWingetLatest added: Uses the GitHub API to find the latest version of Winget and download it along with the accompanied License1.xml file.

Fixes:
- Removed --scope=machine from winget install command in Install-WinUtilProgramWinget. Non-UWP Apps fail to install if scope is set to machine. Error code: 0x80070005. More information commented in file.

functions/private/Get-WinUtilWingetLatest.ps1

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+function Get-WinUtilWingetLatest {
+    <#
+    .SYNOPSIS
+        Uses GitHub API to check for the latest release of Winget.
+    .DESCRIPTION
+        This function grabs the latest version of Winget and returns the download path to Install-WinUtilWinget for installation.
+    #>
+
+    Try{
+        # Grabs the latest release of Winget from the Github API for the install process.
+        $response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "https://api.github.com/repos/microsoft/Winget-cli/releases/latest" -Method Get -ErrorAction Stop
+        $latestVersion = $response.tag_name #Stores version number of latest release.
+        $licenseWingetUrl = $response.assets.browser_download_url[0] #Index value for License file.
+        Write-Host "Latest Version:`t$($latestVersion)`n"
+        $assetUrl = $response.assets.browser_download_url[2] #Index value for download URL.
+        Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $licenseWingetUrl -OutFile $ENV:TEMP\License1.xml
+        # The only pain is that the msixbundle for winget-cli is 246MB. In some situations this can take a bit, with slower connections.
+        Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $assetUrl -OutFile $ENV:TEMP\Microsoft.DesktopAppInstaller.msixbundle
+    }
+    Catch{
+        throw [WingetFailedInstall]::new('Failed to get latest Winget release and license')
+    }
+}

functions/private/Get-WinUtilWingetPrerequisites.ps1

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+function Get-WinUtilWingetPrerequisites {
+    <#
+    .SYNOPSIS
+        Downloads the Winget Prereqs.
+    .DESCRIPTION
+        Downloads Prereqs for Winget. Version numbers are coded as variables and can be updated as uncommonly as Microsoft updates the prereqs.
+    #>
+
+    # I don't know of a way to detect the prereqs automatically, so if someone has a better way of defining these, that would be great.
+    # Microsoft.VCLibs version rarely changes, but for future compatibility I made it a variable.
+    $versionVCLibs = "14.00"
+    $fileVCLibs = "https://aka.ms/Microsoft.VCLibs.x64.${versionVCLibs}.Desktop.appx"
+    # Write-Host "$fileVCLibs"
+    # Microsoft.UI.Xaml version changed recently, so I made the version numbers variables.
+    $versionUIXamlMinor = "2.8"
+    $versionUIXamlPatch = "2.8.6"
+    $fileUIXaml = "https://github.com/microsoft/microsoft-ui-xaml/releases/download/v${versionUIXamlPatch}/Microsoft.UI.Xaml.${versionUIXamlMinor}.x64.appx"
+    # Write-Host "$fileUIXaml"
+
+    Try{
+        Write-Host "Downloading Microsoft.VCLibs Dependency..."
+        Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $fileVCLibs -OutFile $ENV:TEMP\Microsoft.VCLibs.x64.Desktop.appx
+        Write-Host "Downloading Microsoft.UI.Xaml Dependency...`n"
+        Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $fileUIXaml -OutFile $ENV:TEMP\Microsoft.UI.Xaml.x64.appx
+    }
+    Catch{
+        throw [WingetFailedInstall]::new('Failed to install prerequsites')
+    }
+}

functions/private/Install-WinUtilProgramWinget.ps1

@@ -30,7 +30,10 @@ Function Install-WinUtilProgramWinget {
 
         Write-Progress -Activity "$manage Applications" -Status "$manage $Program $($x + 1) of $count" -PercentComplete $($x/$count*100)
         if($manage -eq "Installing"){
-            Start-Process -FilePath winget -ArgumentList "install -e --accept-source-agreements --accept-package-agreements --scope=machine --silent $Program" -NoNewWindow -Wait
+            # --scope=machine when installing non-UWP apps with winget fails with error code 0x80070005.
+            # Removed argument while testing new Winget install method.
+            # Open issue on winget-cli github repo: https://github.com/microsoft/winget-cli/issues/3936
+            Start-Process -FilePath winget -ArgumentList "install -e --accept-source-agreements --accept-package-agreements --silent $Program" -NoNewWindow -Wait
         }
         if($manage -eq "Uninstalling"){
         Start-Process -FilePath winget -ArgumentList "uninstall -e --accept-source-agreements --purge --force --silent $Program" -NoNewWindow -Wait

functions/private/Install-WinUtilWinget.ps1

@@ -1,26 +1,16 @@
-function Get-LatestHash {
-    $shaUrl = ((Invoke-WebRequest $apiLatestUrl -UseBasicParsing | ConvertFrom-Json).assets | Where-Object { $_.name -match '^Microsoft.DesktopAppInstaller_8wekyb3d8bbwe.txt$' }).browser_download_url
-
-    $shaFile = Join-Path -Path $tempFolder -ChildPath 'Microsoft.DesktopAppInstaller_8wekyb3d8bbwe.txt'
-    $WebClient.DownloadFile($shaUrl, $shaFile)
-
-    Get-Content $shaFile
-}
-
 function Install-WinUtilWinget {
-
     <#
 
     .SYNOPSIS
-        Installs Winget if it is not already installed
+        Installs Winget if it is not already installed.
 
     .DESCRIPTION
-        This function will download the latest version of winget and install it. If winget is already installed, it will do nothing.
+        This function will download the latest version of Winget and install it. If Winget is already installed, it will do nothing.
     #>
     Try{
         Write-Host "Checking if Winget is Installed..."
-        if (Test-WinUtilPackageManager -winget) {
-            # Checks if winget executable exists and if the Windows Version is 1809 or higher
+        if (Test-WinUtilPackageManager -Winget) {
+        # Checks if Winget executable exists and if the Windows Version is 1809 or higher
             Write-Host "Winget Already Installed"
             return
         }
@@ -34,17 +24,35 @@ function Install-WinUtilWinget {
         }
 
         if (($ComputerInfo.WindowsVersion) -lt "1809") {
-            # Checks if Windows Version is too old for winget
+            # Checks if Windows Version is too old for Winget
             Write-Host "Winget is not supported on this version of Windows (Pre-1809)"
             return
         }
 
-        Write-Host "Running Alternative Installer and Direct Installing"
-        Start-Process -Verb runas -FilePath powershell.exe -ArgumentList "choco install winget"
-
-        Write-Host "Winget Installed"
+        if((Get-Command -Name choco -ErrorAction Ignore)) {
+            # Checks if Chocolatey is present (In case it didn't install properly), and installs Winget with choco, if so.
+            Write-Host "Chocolatey detected. Installing Winget via Chocolatey"
+            Start-Process -Verb runas -FilePath powershell.exe -ArgumentList "choco install winget-cli"
+            Write-Host "Winget Installed"
+            Write-Output "Refreshing Environment Variables...`n"
+            $ENV:PATH = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", "Machine") + ";" + [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", "User")
+        }
+        Else {
+            # If Chocolatey doesn't exist, it will install Winget through more manual means.
+            # Used part of my own script with some modification: ruxunderscore/windows-initialization
+            Write-Host "Downloading Winget Prerequsites"
+            Get-WinUtilWingetPrerequisites
+            Write-Host "Downloading Winget and License File"
+            Get-WinUtilWingetLatest
+            Write-Host "Installing Winget w/ Prerequsites"
+            Add-AppxProvisionedPackage -Online -PackagePath $ENV:TEMP\Microsoft.DesktopAppInstaller.msixbundle -DependencyPackagePath $ENV:TEMP\Microsoft.VCLibs.x64.Desktop.appx, $ENV:TEMP\Microsoft.UI.Xaml.x64.appx -LicensePath $ENV:TEMP\License1.xml
+            Write-Host "Winget Installed"
+            # Winget only needs a refresh of the environment variables to be used.
+            Write-Output "Refreshing Environment Variables...`n"
+            $ENV:PATH = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", "Machine") + ";" + [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", "User")
+        }
     }
     Catch{
         throw [WingetFailedInstall]::new('Failed to install')
     }
-}
+}